Post by I/KG26_Oranje on Mar 19, 2006 17:20:39 GMT
[glow=red,2,300]The Ju88 Serie , history and tech data.[/glow]
The Junkers Ju-88/188/388/488.
First of the many, the Ju88V1 of 1936 carrying the civil registration D-QEN.
This machine soon crashed and was replaced in the test programme by the generally similar V2, D-AREN, first flown on 10 April 1937.
Ju88V , note the gear ! .
The Junkers Ju-88A.
Indisputable among the Top Ten aeroplanes used by the fighting powers in World War 2 was the Junkers 88.
It was every bit as much of amulti-role combat aircraft as is today`s Panavia Tornado, for its role included level-bomber, dive-bomber, torpedo-bomber, fighter, tank-buster, mine-layer and, in the final stages of the war, a flying bomb, when it was used as the lower half of a "Mistal" composite, with a Fw190 or Me109 on top of the fuselage.
It operated both by day and night everywhere from the Mediterranean and Norway to the Russian steppes, and was by far the Luftwaffe`s best and most-used bomber aircraft.
Still in production when hostilities ceased, it was also easily the most numerous German bomber; indeed, it was built in numbers that equalled that of all other German bombers combined, approximately 15,000 Ju88`s being produced between 1939 and the end of 1945, of which more than 9,000 were bombers.
The Ju 88 was the outcome of a German Air Ministry requirement of early 1935 for a high-speed bomber, and it was the brainchild of W.H. Evers and a American design consultant named Alfred Gassner from the Fairchild Company.
Construction of the prototype began in May 1936 and this machine, the Ju88V1, made its first flight from the Junkers airfield at Dessau just seven months later, on 21 December 1936, it was powerd by two 1,000hp Daimler-Benz 600 engines in annular cowlings, and despite the fact that it soon crashed it was quickly replaced by the generally similar V2, first flown on 10 April 1937.
Two competing prototypes, the Focke-Wulf 57 and the Messerschitt 162 had been built and flown, but after the Ju88V3 powerd by the 1,000hp Junkers Jumo 211A and faturing a redesigned cockpit had flown and been extensively tested at the Luftwaffe`s experimental station at Rechlin, the two rival types were abandoned.
The fourth prototype Ju88 flew on 2 February 1938 with increased length and loaded weight, "beetle`s eye" glased nose, and ventral gondola housing a rearward firing 7,9mm MG15 machine gun.
The crew was increased to four by addition of a gunner.
The V5 flew on 13 April 1938 and apart from 1,200hp Junkers Jumo 211B-1 engines was originally simlar to the V4.
Later it was modified by the deletion of the gondola, streamlining the cockpit canopy and the fitting of a streamlined unglazed nose.
In this form it established an international speed record in March 1939 when, flown by Ernst Siebert and Kurt Heintz, it covered a 1,000km (621.38 miles) closed circuit between the Junkers airfield at Dessau and the Zugspitze Mountains at an average speed of 517km/h (321.25mph) carrying 2,000kg (4,410lb) payload.
Four months later , carrying the same load, it achieved an average of 500km/h (310.6mph) over a 2,000km (1,242.72 miles) closed circuit.
The V6 introduced single oleo legs; it olso had four bladed propellers and served as the prototype for the Ju88A-0 pre-produktion model, ten of which were completed for Service trails by Eprobungkommando 88 by early 1939.
The V7 flew on 27 September 1938 and was at first similar to the V6, but after bieng fitted with two 20mm MG FF cannon and two MG17 machine guns in an unglazed nose, it served as prototype for the Ju88C Zerstöre (Destroyer).
The V8 and V9, which flew respectively on 3 and 31 October 1938, both featured dive brakes under the outer wing to meet a German air Ministry requirement of 1938 that the aircraft should be capable of bieng used for dive-bombing.
The Ju88V-10, flown on 3 February 1939, and the last of the initial group of prototypes, introduced external bomb racks beneath the wing inboard of the engine nacelles.
Specification : Ju88A-4
Year : 1939.
Type : medium bomber and dive bomber.
Crew : four, pilot, observer/bomb aimer, engineer/gunner and radio operator/gunner.
Power plant : Two Junkers Jumo 211J-1 or J-2 12 cylinder, liquid cooled engines each developing 1350 HP.
Dimensions : span 65ft7in. , length 47ft.3in. , height 15ft.11in. , wing area 586.63 sq.ft.
Weights : Empty 21,737lb , loaded (maximum) 30,865lb.
Performance : Maximum speed 292 mp/h (470 km/h) at 17,390ft "295 mp/h (472 km/h) at 17,500ft (5.340m)" ; cruising speed 230 mp/h ; clim rate 23 min to 17.716 ; service ceiling 26,900ft.
Range with maximum fuel 1.900 miles (3.040 km) , range with maximum bomb load (+/- 3.000kg) 650 miles (1,040 km).
Armament : three 7.9 mm MG81 machine guns , one firing forward on flexed or flexible mount, two firing aft from rear of cockpit , two 13 mm MG 131 machine guns , one firing forward on flexible mount , one firing aft below fuselage from gondola ; alternativele seven 7.9 mm MG81 machine guns , three firing forward from fixed or flexible mounts , two firing aft from rear of cockpit and two firing aft below fuselage from gondola (MG 81Z) ; bomb load 7935 lb.
Summary of variants.
Ju88V-1: Prototype. First flew 21 december 1936.
Two 1,000 Daimler Benz DB600A engines, three seats, top speed 449km/h (279mph), range 2000km (1,242 miles).
Nine futher prototypes built but many more aircraft subsequently allotted Versuchs numbers and used for development work.
Ju88A-0: Pre-produktion model.
Similar to V-10 which had external bomb racks.
Ten built for service trails.
Ju88A-1: Initial produktion model.
Similar to A-0 apart from having three-blade VDM propellers instead of four-bladed propellers.
Two Junkers Jumo 211B-1 or 211G engines.
Arnament: four 7.9mm MG 15 machine guns, bombload 5.500lbs (2,500kg).
Span: 60ft 4in (18.4m), Loaded weight 12474kg (27,500lb), top speed 460km/h (286mph) , range 2500km (1,553 miles).
Ju88A-2: Similar to A-1 but with rocket-assisted take-off gear.
Ju88A-3: Trainer version of the A-1 with dual controls and throttles and various instruments duplicated.
Ju88A-5: Preceded A-4 in 1940 and introduced new wings wiht span increased from 18.37m (60ft 3 3/4in) to 20m (65ft 7 1/2in) and metal-clad ailerons of the fabric-coverd type; also strengthened undercarriage to allow take-off at increased weight.
Balloon cable cutter could be fitted.
Two Junkers Jumo 211G engine`s.
Ju88A-4: Most numerous and widely used model of A-series.
Later examples of A-4 had 1,340hp Junkers Jumo 211F, 211J-1or 211J-2, variable defensive armament.
Typical armament: one 13mm MG 131, three 7.9mm MG 15 and one MG81Z machine guns.
Bomb load increased to 6,600lb (3,000kg).
Ju88A-4/Trop: Was tropicalised variant with provision for sun blinds, water containers, and other desert suvival equipment.
Ju88A-6: Simular to A-5 but had a special balloon fender which necessitated a 60kg (132lb) counter balance weight in tail.
Aircraft proved extremely unweildy and most were converted back to bombers.
Reduced speed due to fender about 30.4 km/h (19mph).
Ju88A-6U: Was special long-range maritime reconnaissance versian of A-5 wiht search radar but no ventral gondola.
Ju88A-7: Dual-control versian of A-5.
Ju88A-8: Balloon destroyer, similar to A-4 but wiht cable-cutters in leading edge of wing.
Ju88A-9: Were respective designations of the Ju88A-9/Trop, Tropical versian of the A-1.
provision for sun blinds, water containers, shot-gun, rifle, rucksacks, sleeping bags, and other desert suvival equipment.
Ju88A-10: Were respective designations of the Ju88A-10/Trop.
Two Junkers Jumo 211B or 211G engines, Tropical versian of the A-5.
Ju88A-11: Were respective designations of the Ju88A-11/Trop.
Tropical versian of the A-4.
Ju88A-12: Dual-control trainer simular to the A-5 but with wider cockpit, no gondola or dive brakes.
Ju88A-13: Heavily armoured ground attack variant developed from the A-1, increased armour, capable of carrying up to sixteen 7,9mm MG17 machine guns, six of which were installed in each of two pods beneath ECT 500 bomb racks.
No dive brakes, automatic pull-out device or precision bomb-sight.
Ju88A-14: Antishipping versian of A-4 but with built-in balloon-cable cutters and ahter refinements.
Armament increased by addition of 20mm MG FF cannon in ventral gondola.
Ju88A-15: Had bulged bomb bay for up to 3,000kg (6,600lb) load.
Ju88A-16: Dual-control trainer version of A-14.
Ju88A-17: Final produktion A-series model, Torpedo-bomber.
Not fitted with the four underwing ECT 500 bomb racks but instead had two PVC racks, each capable of carrying an LT F5B torpedo.
Ju-88A.
The Junkers Ju-88B.
Only a few aircraft in the B series (B-1,B-2 and B-3) were built experimentally.
All were fitted with BMW 801 radial air-cooled engines and all had re-designed nose.
The Ju88B may be regarded as one of the forerunners of the JU 188.
Summary of variants.
Ju88B-0: Ten B-0 models were completed.
they were fitted with a deeper fully glased cockpit on an A-4 airframe.
Produktion was not under taken and completed aircraft were used in trails and eventually for the development of the Ju 188.
See above.
The Junkers Ju-88C.
The Ju88C serie were day and night fighters developed from the Ju88A.
A crew of three was carried and the Junkers Jumo 211B, 211G, 211J and BMW 801 engines were fitted in various sub-types.
The following particulars relate to the most commonly used Ju88C (C-6).
Normal Flying Weight : 27.500lbs (12,485 kg).
Performance : Maximum speed 300 mp/h (480km/h) at 17.500ft (5,340m) , Service ceiling at mean weight 27,500ft (8,390m), Range with maximum fuel 1,250 miles (2,000 km).
Specification : Ju88C-6c.
Year : 1942.
Power plant : Two Junkers Jumo 211J-1 or 211J-2 engines each developing 1350 HP.
Dimensions : span 65ft7in. , length 47ft.1in. , height 16ft.7in. , wing area 586.63 sq.ft.
Weights : Empty 19,973lb , loaded 27,225lb.
Performance : Maximum speed 307 mp/h (494 km/h) at 17,390ft (5.300m) ; criusing speed 279 mp/h ; clim-rate 12.7 min to 19,685 ft ; service ceiling 32,480ft.
Armament : three 20 mm MG FF/M cannons, three 7.9 mm MG 17 machine guns all firing forward , two 20 mm MG 151 cannons fixed firing upwards, and aft 13 mm MG 131 machine gun.
Summary of variants.
Ju88C-0: Early A-1s converted to perform the heavy fighter role.
Ju88C-1: Proposed model with BMW 801MA engines.
Also known in the early days as the Ju88Z, the Z indecating "Zerströrer" (destroyer or heavy fighter).
Heavly armoured nose enclosing one MG 15 and three MG 17, all fixed and firing forward.
Two further MG 15 guns, one in dorsal and one in ventral positions.
Not produced.
Ju88C-2: First produktion model.
Similar to C-1 but with wider span wing and Junkers Jumo 211 engines.
Sometime`s carried an MG FF canon in place of the MG 151.
In addition, two MG FF could be carried under the fuselage.
Ju88C-3: Similar to C-2 but fitted with BMW 801 engines.
Not produced.
Ju88C-4: Similar to the C-2 but with provision for cameras and first C versian to be built from the start as a fighter.
Based on the A-4 airframe with the longer span of that version.
Ju88C-5: Experimental fighter.
BMW 801 engined versian, which had no ventral gondola but a belly weapons pack.
Only 10 were produced before a bottleneck in engine supply caused abandonment.
Crew of two only.
Ju88C-6: First C series to be produced in quantity, replacing C-4 after only 100 of the lafter had been built.
The C-6a was a day fighter and the C-6b a nicht fighter, which having FuG 220 (Lichtenstein) SN-2 radar in place of the earlier FuG 202 BC or FuG 212 C-1 radar.
Two Junkers Jumo 211J engines.
Armament : three MG FF cannon and three MG 17 in nose, and two MG151/20 in a "Schrage Musik" mountaing in which the guns are fixed in the fuselage and fire obliquely upward and forward.
Ju88C-7: Produced in three versians, the a, b and c.
The first two having bomb-load capacity as well as fighter armament and no ventral gondolas.
The C-7c was an experimental BMW powerd versian with no bomb carrying capacity.
The Junkers Ju-88D.
The Ju88D series were specialised long-range reconnaissance aircraft, generally similar to the Ju88A.
The following particulars relate to the Ju88D,
No dive-brakes equipment was fitted, and two cameras with heating installation were mounted in the rear fusalage, fuel could be carried in both front and rear bomb compartments.
The armament for a typical Ju88D consisted of one MG 131, two MG 81 and a MG 81Z.
Normal Flying Weight : 26,500lbs (12,030kg).
Performance : Maximum speed 300mp/h (480km/h) at 17,500ft (5,340m).
Service ceiling : at mean weight 27,000ft (8,235m).
Range with maximum fuel 2,200 miles (3,520 km).
Summary of variants.
Ju88D-0: Based on the A-4 with extra fuel capacity in place of forward bomb bay and no dive-brakes.
Used for Reconnaissance.
Ju88D-1: Proposed variant with Junkers Jumo 211J-1 or 211J-2 engines.
Ju88D-2: Reconnaissance equivalent of A-5 wiht Junkers Jumo 211B-1 or 211H-1 engines.
Ju88D-3/Trop: Tropical version of the D-1.
Ju88D-4: Redesignated Ju88D-2/Trop.
Ju88D-5: Three camera versian of D-2.
The Junkers Ju-88G.
All sub-type in the Ju88G Serie were night fighters developed from the Ju88C.
The G-1 was fitted with BMW 801D or 801G radial engines, while later sub-types had Junkers Jumo 213A or 213E liquid cooled engines.
The tail unit of the Ju88G was the same as fitted to the Ju188 and forward firing guns were in a ventral fairing.
The Following particulars relate to the Ju88G-7, which was distinguished by a long nose fairing which partially enclosed the radar aerial arry.
Crew : Four, consisting of pilot, two observers and radio operator.
Power plant : Two Junkers Jumo 213E liquid-cooled engines.
Fuel tankage 705 Imp.gallons.
One 198-gallon drop tank could be carried.
Armament : Four forward firing MG 151/20 cannon (200 rounds per gun), two MG 151/20 upward firing cannon (200 ronds per gun), and one rearward firing 13mm MG 131 (500 rounds).
Weights : Normal loaded weight 28,900lbs (13,120kg), Maximum take off weight 32,350lbs (14,690kg).
Performance : Maximum speed (without drop tanks or flame dampers) 402 mp/h (643 km/h) at 29,800ft (9,090m), Maximum economical endurance (but including one hour at combat rating) 5.2 hours.
Specification : Ju88G-7b.
Year : 1944.
Type : night fighter.
Crew : four , pilot, observer , radio operator/gunner and gunner.
Power plant : Two Junkers Jumo 213E 12 cylinder , liquid cooled engines each developing 1725 HP.
Dimensions : span 65ft7in. , length 47ft.8in. , height 15ft.11in. , wing area 586.63 sq.ft.
Weights : Empty (equipped) 28,900lb , loaded (maximum) 32,350lb.
Performance : Maximum speed 270 mp/h at sea level ; 402 mp/h at 29,800ft. ; endurance, 3 hr 72 min at economical power ; clim rate 1665 ft per min ; service ceiling 32,800ft.
Armament : six 20 mm MG 151 cannons , four firing forward , two firing obliquely upward.
One 13 mm MG 131 machine gun on flexible mount in rear of cockpit.
Summary of variants.
Ju88G-1: Improved versian of the C series fighter wiht redesigned angular tail unit and BMW 801 engines, lacked the nose- mounted cannon and was fitted instead wiht FuG 220 Lichtenstein SN-2 radar and FuG 227 Flensburg.
Ju88G-1
Ju88G-2: Not used.
Ju88G-4: A progressive development of the G-1 using avionics which had been installed piecemeal in the earlier model.
Two BMW 801D engines of 1.700 HP.
Some models had the Schräge musik installation.
Ju88G-6: The G-6a model was basically a G-4 with BMW 801G engines.
The G-6b had Fug 350 Naxos Z equipment and BMW 801G engines, and the G-6c was fitted with Junkers Jumo 213A Engines.
Ju88G-7: Final produktion versian of the Ju88 night fighters.
The G-7a was equipped with forward search and tail warning radar, and powered by Junkers Jumo 213E engines.
The Junkers Ju-88H.
The Ju88H was characterised by a long fuselage (about 58ft.=17,7m.) resulting from the introduction of two additional bays, one forward and one aft of main spar.
Bomber fighter and reconnaissance versions were projected but before the end of hostilities the Ju88H was reserved for use as the lower components of the Mistal or Composite aircraft.
Summary of variants.
Ju88H-1: Based on the combination of a Ju88D-1 and G-1, using the wings of the latter and fuselage and tail assembly of the former.
Fitted with FuG 200 Hohentwiel radar and a trio of Rb cameras.
Ju88H-2: Radar replaced by a battery of six 20 mm MG FF cannons.
Boht H versians produced in limited quantity and used on long range Atlantic patrols.
The Junkers Ju-88P.
The Ju88P was a ground attack aircraft and was produced in very limited numbers.
It was fitted with a large fairing housing a BK 5 cannon and the airframe was suitably reinforced.
The 75 mm BK 7.5 gun originally fitted was not a success and replaced by the 50 mm BK 5 cannon.
The gun fairing, which was jettisonable, was of sufficient size to accommodate rearward firing MG 81Z machine guns (twin MG 81) in addition to the large forward firing cannon, which was inclined downwards at a small angle to the line of flight.
The Junkers Jumo 211J engines were protected by armour and auter wing tanks were not fitted.
The all-up weight of the Ju88P-1 was 24,400lbs. (11,080kg.) and the maximum speed at sea level was 244 mp/h (390 km/h).
Another versian of the Ju88P was fitted with BMW 801 engines.
Summary of variants.
Ju88P-1: based on the ubiquitous Ju88A-4 and fitted with a 75 mm BK 7.5 or pak 40 cannon.
Ju88P-2: Similar to P-1 but fitted with two 37 mm BK 3.7 (flak 38) cannon, intended for the antitank role but used unsuccessfully as an interceptor.
Ju88P-3: Similar to P-2 but with increased crew armour.
Ju88P-4: Final P versian with reduced armament which consisted of a singel 50 mm BK 5 cannon.
The Junkers Ju-88S.
These bomber sub types were fitted with either BMW 801G or Junkers Jumo 213A engines.
As compared with the Ju88A-4, the principal external differences were the provision of a smooth glazed nose, the elimination of the "bola"and lower gun position under the fuselage and the removal of the upper nose guns.
Specification : Ju88S-1.
Year : 1943.
Type : medium bomber.
Crew : three , pilot, observer and radio operator/gunner.
Power plant : Two BMW 801G-2 14 cylinder, air cooled radial engines each developing 1730 HP.
Dimensions : span 65ft7in. , length 48ft.2in. , height 15ft.8in. , wing area 586.63 sq.ft.
Weights : Empty (equipped) 18,250lb , loaded (maximum) 30,400lb.
Performance : Maximum speed 340 mp/h at 26,250ft ; cruising speed 328 mp/h at 18,000ft. ;maximum endurance, 3 hr 25 min ; service ceiling 38,000ft.
Armament : one 13 mm MG 131 machine gun on flexible mount in rear of cockpit ; bomb load 4410lb.
Summary of variants.
Ju88S-1: High speed bomber based on A-4 with BMW 801G engines with GM 1 power boost installation.
The GM 1 tank occupies the rear bomb compartment.
Neither dive brakes nor automatic pull out gear were fitted, and there was no provision for de-icing the tail surfaces.
Ju88S-2: Improved versian of S-1 with BMW 801TJ engines and exaust-driven turbosuperchargers.
Having a large bomb bay under fuselage.
Two MG 131 rearward firing guns were fitted at the rear of the bomb bay, these guns supplementing the singel MG 131 of the S-1.
The semi-external bomb stowage left the normal bomb bays free for increased fuel tankage.
Ju88S-3: Final S variant with Jumo 213A engines and nitrous oxide GM 1 boost.
Otherwise simular to the S-1.
Loaded weight : 23,100lb (10,490kg) , maximum speed : about 355 mp/h (568 km/h) at combat rating at 20.300ft ( 6.190m) and with two 2,200lb (1.000kg) bombs.
The endurance was 7.5 hours at maximum economical and 6 hours at maximum continuous rating.
The Junkers Ju-88T.
The Ju88T was a photographic-reconnaissance type with either BMW 801G or Junkers Jumo 213A engines.
Summary of variants.
Ju88T-1: High speed reconnaissance version , based on S-1.
Armament comprised a single rearward firing 13 mm MG 131 machine gun.
Either a patrol tank or a GM 1 tank could be housed in the rear bomb bay.
Ju88T-3: Two Junkers Jumo 213A engines.
Based on Ju88S-3.
Maximum speed : 380 mp/h (608 km/h) at 20,500 ft (6.50m). With GM 1 the maximum speed could be boosted to over 400 mp/h ( 640 km/h) at about 28,000ft (8,.540m).
Thats all for the Ju88 models.
Next chapter will give u the Mistals and 188/388/488 models.
S! I/KG26Oranje
STUVI BOMBSIDE.
The Junkers Ju-88/188/388/488.
First of the many, the Ju88V1 of 1936 carrying the civil registration D-QEN.
This machine soon crashed and was replaced in the test programme by the generally similar V2, D-AREN, first flown on 10 April 1937.
Ju88V , note the gear ! .
The Junkers Ju-88A.
Indisputable among the Top Ten aeroplanes used by the fighting powers in World War 2 was the Junkers 88.
It was every bit as much of amulti-role combat aircraft as is today`s Panavia Tornado, for its role included level-bomber, dive-bomber, torpedo-bomber, fighter, tank-buster, mine-layer and, in the final stages of the war, a flying bomb, when it was used as the lower half of a "Mistal" composite, with a Fw190 or Me109 on top of the fuselage.
It operated both by day and night everywhere from the Mediterranean and Norway to the Russian steppes, and was by far the Luftwaffe`s best and most-used bomber aircraft.
Still in production when hostilities ceased, it was also easily the most numerous German bomber; indeed, it was built in numbers that equalled that of all other German bombers combined, approximately 15,000 Ju88`s being produced between 1939 and the end of 1945, of which more than 9,000 were bombers.
The Ju 88 was the outcome of a German Air Ministry requirement of early 1935 for a high-speed bomber, and it was the brainchild of W.H. Evers and a American design consultant named Alfred Gassner from the Fairchild Company.
Construction of the prototype began in May 1936 and this machine, the Ju88V1, made its first flight from the Junkers airfield at Dessau just seven months later, on 21 December 1936, it was powerd by two 1,000hp Daimler-Benz 600 engines in annular cowlings, and despite the fact that it soon crashed it was quickly replaced by the generally similar V2, first flown on 10 April 1937.
Two competing prototypes, the Focke-Wulf 57 and the Messerschitt 162 had been built and flown, but after the Ju88V3 powerd by the 1,000hp Junkers Jumo 211A and faturing a redesigned cockpit had flown and been extensively tested at the Luftwaffe`s experimental station at Rechlin, the two rival types were abandoned.
The fourth prototype Ju88 flew on 2 February 1938 with increased length and loaded weight, "beetle`s eye" glased nose, and ventral gondola housing a rearward firing 7,9mm MG15 machine gun.
The crew was increased to four by addition of a gunner.
The V5 flew on 13 April 1938 and apart from 1,200hp Junkers Jumo 211B-1 engines was originally simlar to the V4.
Later it was modified by the deletion of the gondola, streamlining the cockpit canopy and the fitting of a streamlined unglazed nose.
In this form it established an international speed record in March 1939 when, flown by Ernst Siebert and Kurt Heintz, it covered a 1,000km (621.38 miles) closed circuit between the Junkers airfield at Dessau and the Zugspitze Mountains at an average speed of 517km/h (321.25mph) carrying 2,000kg (4,410lb) payload.
Four months later , carrying the same load, it achieved an average of 500km/h (310.6mph) over a 2,000km (1,242.72 miles) closed circuit.
The V6 introduced single oleo legs; it olso had four bladed propellers and served as the prototype for the Ju88A-0 pre-produktion model, ten of which were completed for Service trails by Eprobungkommando 88 by early 1939.
The V7 flew on 27 September 1938 and was at first similar to the V6, but after bieng fitted with two 20mm MG FF cannon and two MG17 machine guns in an unglazed nose, it served as prototype for the Ju88C Zerstöre (Destroyer).
The V8 and V9, which flew respectively on 3 and 31 October 1938, both featured dive brakes under the outer wing to meet a German air Ministry requirement of 1938 that the aircraft should be capable of bieng used for dive-bombing.
The Ju88V-10, flown on 3 February 1939, and the last of the initial group of prototypes, introduced external bomb racks beneath the wing inboard of the engine nacelles.
Specification : Ju88A-4
Year : 1939.
Type : medium bomber and dive bomber.
Crew : four, pilot, observer/bomb aimer, engineer/gunner and radio operator/gunner.
Power plant : Two Junkers Jumo 211J-1 or J-2 12 cylinder, liquid cooled engines each developing 1350 HP.
Dimensions : span 65ft7in. , length 47ft.3in. , height 15ft.11in. , wing area 586.63 sq.ft.
Weights : Empty 21,737lb , loaded (maximum) 30,865lb.
Performance : Maximum speed 292 mp/h (470 km/h) at 17,390ft "295 mp/h (472 km/h) at 17,500ft (5.340m)" ; cruising speed 230 mp/h ; clim rate 23 min to 17.716 ; service ceiling 26,900ft.
Range with maximum fuel 1.900 miles (3.040 km) , range with maximum bomb load (+/- 3.000kg) 650 miles (1,040 km).
Armament : three 7.9 mm MG81 machine guns , one firing forward on flexed or flexible mount, two firing aft from rear of cockpit , two 13 mm MG 131 machine guns , one firing forward on flexible mount , one firing aft below fuselage from gondola ; alternativele seven 7.9 mm MG81 machine guns , three firing forward from fixed or flexible mounts , two firing aft from rear of cockpit and two firing aft below fuselage from gondola (MG 81Z) ; bomb load 7935 lb.
Summary of variants.
Ju88V-1: Prototype. First flew 21 december 1936.
Two 1,000 Daimler Benz DB600A engines, three seats, top speed 449km/h (279mph), range 2000km (1,242 miles).
Nine futher prototypes built but many more aircraft subsequently allotted Versuchs numbers and used for development work.
Ju88A-0: Pre-produktion model.
Similar to V-10 which had external bomb racks.
Ten built for service trails.
Ju88A-1: Initial produktion model.
Similar to A-0 apart from having three-blade VDM propellers instead of four-bladed propellers.
Two Junkers Jumo 211B-1 or 211G engines.
Arnament: four 7.9mm MG 15 machine guns, bombload 5.500lbs (2,500kg).
Span: 60ft 4in (18.4m), Loaded weight 12474kg (27,500lb), top speed 460km/h (286mph) , range 2500km (1,553 miles).
Ju88A-2: Similar to A-1 but with rocket-assisted take-off gear.
Ju88A-3: Trainer version of the A-1 with dual controls and throttles and various instruments duplicated.
Ju88A-5: Preceded A-4 in 1940 and introduced new wings wiht span increased from 18.37m (60ft 3 3/4in) to 20m (65ft 7 1/2in) and metal-clad ailerons of the fabric-coverd type; also strengthened undercarriage to allow take-off at increased weight.
Balloon cable cutter could be fitted.
Two Junkers Jumo 211G engine`s.
Ju88A-4: Most numerous and widely used model of A-series.
Later examples of A-4 had 1,340hp Junkers Jumo 211F, 211J-1or 211J-2, variable defensive armament.
Typical armament: one 13mm MG 131, three 7.9mm MG 15 and one MG81Z machine guns.
Bomb load increased to 6,600lb (3,000kg).
Ju88A-4/Trop: Was tropicalised variant with provision for sun blinds, water containers, and other desert suvival equipment.
Ju88A-6: Simular to A-5 but had a special balloon fender which necessitated a 60kg (132lb) counter balance weight in tail.
Aircraft proved extremely unweildy and most were converted back to bombers.
Reduced speed due to fender about 30.4 km/h (19mph).
Ju88A-6U: Was special long-range maritime reconnaissance versian of A-5 wiht search radar but no ventral gondola.
Ju88A-7: Dual-control versian of A-5.
Ju88A-8: Balloon destroyer, similar to A-4 but wiht cable-cutters in leading edge of wing.
Ju88A-9: Were respective designations of the Ju88A-9/Trop, Tropical versian of the A-1.
provision for sun blinds, water containers, shot-gun, rifle, rucksacks, sleeping bags, and other desert suvival equipment.
Ju88A-10: Were respective designations of the Ju88A-10/Trop.
Two Junkers Jumo 211B or 211G engines, Tropical versian of the A-5.
Ju88A-11: Were respective designations of the Ju88A-11/Trop.
Tropical versian of the A-4.
Ju88A-12: Dual-control trainer simular to the A-5 but with wider cockpit, no gondola or dive brakes.
Ju88A-13: Heavily armoured ground attack variant developed from the A-1, increased armour, capable of carrying up to sixteen 7,9mm MG17 machine guns, six of which were installed in each of two pods beneath ECT 500 bomb racks.
No dive brakes, automatic pull-out device or precision bomb-sight.
Ju88A-14: Antishipping versian of A-4 but with built-in balloon-cable cutters and ahter refinements.
Armament increased by addition of 20mm MG FF cannon in ventral gondola.
Ju88A-15: Had bulged bomb bay for up to 3,000kg (6,600lb) load.
Ju88A-16: Dual-control trainer version of A-14.
Ju88A-17: Final produktion A-series model, Torpedo-bomber.
Not fitted with the four underwing ECT 500 bomb racks but instead had two PVC racks, each capable of carrying an LT F5B torpedo.
Ju-88A.
The Junkers Ju-88B.
Only a few aircraft in the B series (B-1,B-2 and B-3) were built experimentally.
All were fitted with BMW 801 radial air-cooled engines and all had re-designed nose.
The Ju88B may be regarded as one of the forerunners of the JU 188.
Summary of variants.
Ju88B-0: Ten B-0 models were completed.
they were fitted with a deeper fully glased cockpit on an A-4 airframe.
Produktion was not under taken and completed aircraft were used in trails and eventually for the development of the Ju 188.
See above.
The Junkers Ju-88C.
The Ju88C serie were day and night fighters developed from the Ju88A.
A crew of three was carried and the Junkers Jumo 211B, 211G, 211J and BMW 801 engines were fitted in various sub-types.
The following particulars relate to the most commonly used Ju88C (C-6).
Normal Flying Weight : 27.500lbs (12,485 kg).
Performance : Maximum speed 300 mp/h (480km/h) at 17.500ft (5,340m) , Service ceiling at mean weight 27,500ft (8,390m), Range with maximum fuel 1,250 miles (2,000 km).
Specification : Ju88C-6c.
Year : 1942.
Power plant : Two Junkers Jumo 211J-1 or 211J-2 engines each developing 1350 HP.
Dimensions : span 65ft7in. , length 47ft.1in. , height 16ft.7in. , wing area 586.63 sq.ft.
Weights : Empty 19,973lb , loaded 27,225lb.
Performance : Maximum speed 307 mp/h (494 km/h) at 17,390ft (5.300m) ; criusing speed 279 mp/h ; clim-rate 12.7 min to 19,685 ft ; service ceiling 32,480ft.
Armament : three 20 mm MG FF/M cannons, three 7.9 mm MG 17 machine guns all firing forward , two 20 mm MG 151 cannons fixed firing upwards, and aft 13 mm MG 131 machine gun.
Summary of variants.
Ju88C-0: Early A-1s converted to perform the heavy fighter role.
Ju88C-1: Proposed model with BMW 801MA engines.
Also known in the early days as the Ju88Z, the Z indecating "Zerströrer" (destroyer or heavy fighter).
Heavly armoured nose enclosing one MG 15 and three MG 17, all fixed and firing forward.
Two further MG 15 guns, one in dorsal and one in ventral positions.
Not produced.
Ju88C-2: First produktion model.
Similar to C-1 but with wider span wing and Junkers Jumo 211 engines.
Sometime`s carried an MG FF canon in place of the MG 151.
In addition, two MG FF could be carried under the fuselage.
Ju88C-3: Similar to C-2 but fitted with BMW 801 engines.
Not produced.
Ju88C-4: Similar to the C-2 but with provision for cameras and first C versian to be built from the start as a fighter.
Based on the A-4 airframe with the longer span of that version.
Ju88C-5: Experimental fighter.
BMW 801 engined versian, which had no ventral gondola but a belly weapons pack.
Only 10 were produced before a bottleneck in engine supply caused abandonment.
Crew of two only.
Ju88C-6: First C series to be produced in quantity, replacing C-4 after only 100 of the lafter had been built.
The C-6a was a day fighter and the C-6b a nicht fighter, which having FuG 220 (Lichtenstein) SN-2 radar in place of the earlier FuG 202 BC or FuG 212 C-1 radar.
Two Junkers Jumo 211J engines.
Armament : three MG FF cannon and three MG 17 in nose, and two MG151/20 in a "Schrage Musik" mountaing in which the guns are fixed in the fuselage and fire obliquely upward and forward.
Ju88C-7: Produced in three versians, the a, b and c.
The first two having bomb-load capacity as well as fighter armament and no ventral gondolas.
The C-7c was an experimental BMW powerd versian with no bomb carrying capacity.
The Junkers Ju-88D.
The Ju88D series were specialised long-range reconnaissance aircraft, generally similar to the Ju88A.
The following particulars relate to the Ju88D,
No dive-brakes equipment was fitted, and two cameras with heating installation were mounted in the rear fusalage, fuel could be carried in both front and rear bomb compartments.
The armament for a typical Ju88D consisted of one MG 131, two MG 81 and a MG 81Z.
Normal Flying Weight : 26,500lbs (12,030kg).
Performance : Maximum speed 300mp/h (480km/h) at 17,500ft (5,340m).
Service ceiling : at mean weight 27,000ft (8,235m).
Range with maximum fuel 2,200 miles (3,520 km).
Summary of variants.
Ju88D-0: Based on the A-4 with extra fuel capacity in place of forward bomb bay and no dive-brakes.
Used for Reconnaissance.
Ju88D-1: Proposed variant with Junkers Jumo 211J-1 or 211J-2 engines.
Ju88D-2: Reconnaissance equivalent of A-5 wiht Junkers Jumo 211B-1 or 211H-1 engines.
Ju88D-3/Trop: Tropical version of the D-1.
Ju88D-4: Redesignated Ju88D-2/Trop.
Ju88D-5: Three camera versian of D-2.
The Junkers Ju-88G.
All sub-type in the Ju88G Serie were night fighters developed from the Ju88C.
The G-1 was fitted with BMW 801D or 801G radial engines, while later sub-types had Junkers Jumo 213A or 213E liquid cooled engines.
The tail unit of the Ju88G was the same as fitted to the Ju188 and forward firing guns were in a ventral fairing.
The Following particulars relate to the Ju88G-7, which was distinguished by a long nose fairing which partially enclosed the radar aerial arry.
Crew : Four, consisting of pilot, two observers and radio operator.
Power plant : Two Junkers Jumo 213E liquid-cooled engines.
Fuel tankage 705 Imp.gallons.
One 198-gallon drop tank could be carried.
Armament : Four forward firing MG 151/20 cannon (200 rounds per gun), two MG 151/20 upward firing cannon (200 ronds per gun), and one rearward firing 13mm MG 131 (500 rounds).
Weights : Normal loaded weight 28,900lbs (13,120kg), Maximum take off weight 32,350lbs (14,690kg).
Performance : Maximum speed (without drop tanks or flame dampers) 402 mp/h (643 km/h) at 29,800ft (9,090m), Maximum economical endurance (but including one hour at combat rating) 5.2 hours.
Specification : Ju88G-7b.
Year : 1944.
Type : night fighter.
Crew : four , pilot, observer , radio operator/gunner and gunner.
Power plant : Two Junkers Jumo 213E 12 cylinder , liquid cooled engines each developing 1725 HP.
Dimensions : span 65ft7in. , length 47ft.8in. , height 15ft.11in. , wing area 586.63 sq.ft.
Weights : Empty (equipped) 28,900lb , loaded (maximum) 32,350lb.
Performance : Maximum speed 270 mp/h at sea level ; 402 mp/h at 29,800ft. ; endurance, 3 hr 72 min at economical power ; clim rate 1665 ft per min ; service ceiling 32,800ft.
Armament : six 20 mm MG 151 cannons , four firing forward , two firing obliquely upward.
One 13 mm MG 131 machine gun on flexible mount in rear of cockpit.
Summary of variants.
Ju88G-1: Improved versian of the C series fighter wiht redesigned angular tail unit and BMW 801 engines, lacked the nose- mounted cannon and was fitted instead wiht FuG 220 Lichtenstein SN-2 radar and FuG 227 Flensburg.
Ju88G-1
Ju88G-2: Not used.
Ju88G-4: A progressive development of the G-1 using avionics which had been installed piecemeal in the earlier model.
Two BMW 801D engines of 1.700 HP.
Some models had the Schräge musik installation.
Ju88G-6: The G-6a model was basically a G-4 with BMW 801G engines.
The G-6b had Fug 350 Naxos Z equipment and BMW 801G engines, and the G-6c was fitted with Junkers Jumo 213A Engines.
Ju88G-7: Final produktion versian of the Ju88 night fighters.
The G-7a was equipped with forward search and tail warning radar, and powered by Junkers Jumo 213E engines.
The Junkers Ju-88H.
The Ju88H was characterised by a long fuselage (about 58ft.=17,7m.) resulting from the introduction of two additional bays, one forward and one aft of main spar.
Bomber fighter and reconnaissance versions were projected but before the end of hostilities the Ju88H was reserved for use as the lower components of the Mistal or Composite aircraft.
Summary of variants.
Ju88H-1: Based on the combination of a Ju88D-1 and G-1, using the wings of the latter and fuselage and tail assembly of the former.
Fitted with FuG 200 Hohentwiel radar and a trio of Rb cameras.
Ju88H-2: Radar replaced by a battery of six 20 mm MG FF cannons.
Boht H versians produced in limited quantity and used on long range Atlantic patrols.
The Junkers Ju-88P.
The Ju88P was a ground attack aircraft and was produced in very limited numbers.
It was fitted with a large fairing housing a BK 5 cannon and the airframe was suitably reinforced.
The 75 mm BK 7.5 gun originally fitted was not a success and replaced by the 50 mm BK 5 cannon.
The gun fairing, which was jettisonable, was of sufficient size to accommodate rearward firing MG 81Z machine guns (twin MG 81) in addition to the large forward firing cannon, which was inclined downwards at a small angle to the line of flight.
The Junkers Jumo 211J engines were protected by armour and auter wing tanks were not fitted.
The all-up weight of the Ju88P-1 was 24,400lbs. (11,080kg.) and the maximum speed at sea level was 244 mp/h (390 km/h).
Another versian of the Ju88P was fitted with BMW 801 engines.
Summary of variants.
Ju88P-1: based on the ubiquitous Ju88A-4 and fitted with a 75 mm BK 7.5 or pak 40 cannon.
Ju88P-2: Similar to P-1 but fitted with two 37 mm BK 3.7 (flak 38) cannon, intended for the antitank role but used unsuccessfully as an interceptor.
Ju88P-3: Similar to P-2 but with increased crew armour.
Ju88P-4: Final P versian with reduced armament which consisted of a singel 50 mm BK 5 cannon.
The Junkers Ju-88S.
These bomber sub types were fitted with either BMW 801G or Junkers Jumo 213A engines.
As compared with the Ju88A-4, the principal external differences were the provision of a smooth glazed nose, the elimination of the "bola"and lower gun position under the fuselage and the removal of the upper nose guns.
Specification : Ju88S-1.
Year : 1943.
Type : medium bomber.
Crew : three , pilot, observer and radio operator/gunner.
Power plant : Two BMW 801G-2 14 cylinder, air cooled radial engines each developing 1730 HP.
Dimensions : span 65ft7in. , length 48ft.2in. , height 15ft.8in. , wing area 586.63 sq.ft.
Weights : Empty (equipped) 18,250lb , loaded (maximum) 30,400lb.
Performance : Maximum speed 340 mp/h at 26,250ft ; cruising speed 328 mp/h at 18,000ft. ;maximum endurance, 3 hr 25 min ; service ceiling 38,000ft.
Armament : one 13 mm MG 131 machine gun on flexible mount in rear of cockpit ; bomb load 4410lb.
Summary of variants.
Ju88S-1: High speed bomber based on A-4 with BMW 801G engines with GM 1 power boost installation.
The GM 1 tank occupies the rear bomb compartment.
Neither dive brakes nor automatic pull out gear were fitted, and there was no provision for de-icing the tail surfaces.
Ju88S-2: Improved versian of S-1 with BMW 801TJ engines and exaust-driven turbosuperchargers.
Having a large bomb bay under fuselage.
Two MG 131 rearward firing guns were fitted at the rear of the bomb bay, these guns supplementing the singel MG 131 of the S-1.
The semi-external bomb stowage left the normal bomb bays free for increased fuel tankage.
Ju88S-3: Final S variant with Jumo 213A engines and nitrous oxide GM 1 boost.
Otherwise simular to the S-1.
Loaded weight : 23,100lb (10,490kg) , maximum speed : about 355 mp/h (568 km/h) at combat rating at 20.300ft ( 6.190m) and with two 2,200lb (1.000kg) bombs.
The endurance was 7.5 hours at maximum economical and 6 hours at maximum continuous rating.
The Junkers Ju-88T.
The Ju88T was a photographic-reconnaissance type with either BMW 801G or Junkers Jumo 213A engines.
Summary of variants.
Ju88T-1: High speed reconnaissance version , based on S-1.
Armament comprised a single rearward firing 13 mm MG 131 machine gun.
Either a patrol tank or a GM 1 tank could be housed in the rear bomb bay.
Ju88T-3: Two Junkers Jumo 213A engines.
Based on Ju88S-3.
Maximum speed : 380 mp/h (608 km/h) at 20,500 ft (6.50m). With GM 1 the maximum speed could be boosted to over 400 mp/h ( 640 km/h) at about 28,000ft (8,.540m).
Thats all for the Ju88 models.
Next chapter will give u the Mistals and 188/388/488 models.
S! I/KG26Oranje
STUVI BOMBSIDE.